Publications

B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3; CD276), a tumor-associated antigen and possible immune checkpoint, is highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and is associated with early recurrence and metastasis. Enoblituzumab is a humanized, Fc-engineered, B7-H3-targeting antibody that mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In this phase 2, biomarker-rich neoadjuvant trial, 32 biological males with operable intermediate to high-risk localized PCa were enrolled to evaluate the safety, anti-tumor activity and immunogenicity of enoblituzumab when given before prostatectomy.

• Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02284-w

Objective: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic rheumatic disease predominantly characterized by inflammation and progressive structural damage. Patients are often diagnosed very late, which delays the optimal treatment period. Early diagnosis of axSpA, especially non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA), remains a major challenge. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of anti-Kaiso autoantibodies in axSpA and their correlation with clinical disease indicators.

• Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156350/full

HuProt Review: Microarrays are one of the trailblazing technologies of the last two decades and have displayed their importance in all the associated fields of biology. They are widely explored to screen, identify, and gain insights on the characteristics traits of biomolecules (individually or in complex solutions). A wide variety of biomolecule-based microarrays (DNA microarrays, protein microarrays, glycan microarrays, antibody microarrays, peptide microarrays, and aptamer microarrays) are either commercially available or fabricated in-house by researchers to explore diverse substrates, surface coating, immobilization techniques, and detection strategies.

• Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/4/602

HuProt PPI: Glioblastoma (GBM) is both the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor, associated with high mortality rates and resistance to conventional therapy. Despite recent advancements in knowledge and molecular profiling, recurrence of GBM is nearly inevitable. This recurrence has been attributed to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), a small fraction of cells resistant to standard-of-care treatments and capable of self-renewal and tumor initiation. Therefore, targeting these cancer stem cells will allow for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies against GBM. We have previously identified several 7-amino acid length peptides which specifically target GSCs through in vitro and in vivo phage display biopanning.

• Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2023.1124272/full

HuProt Antibody Specificity: Anti-dsDNA antibodies are pathogenically heterogeneous, implying distinct origins and antigenic properties. Unexpectedly, during the clinical and molecular characterization of autoantibodies to the endonuclease DNase1L3 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we identified a subset of neutralizing anti-DNase1L3 antibodies previously catalogued as anti-dsDNA. Based on their variable heavy-chain (VH) gene usage, these antibodies can be divided in two groups. One group is encoded by the inherently autoreactive VH4-34 gene segment, derives from anti-DNase1L3 germline-encoded precursors, and gains cross-reactivity to dsDNA – and some additionally to cardiolipin – following somatic hypermutation.

• Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-37083-x

Protein microarrays are a promising technology that measure protein levels in serum or plasma samples. Due to their high technical variability and high variation in protein levels across serum samples in any population, directly answering biological questions of interest using protein microarray measurements is challenging. Analyzing preprocessed data and within-sample ranks of protein levels can mitigate the impact of between-sample variation. As for any analysis, ranks are sensitive to preprocessing, but loss function based ranks that accommodate major structural relations and components of uncertainty are very effective.

• Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.9680

A characteristic feature of autoimmune diseases is the presence of multiple antibodies. Antibody profiling can be advantageous for the early diagnosis and for a more precise classification of autoimmune diseases, for prognostic evaluation, and for disease prediction in asymptomatic subjects. Systems using micronized components (protein chips or arrays) capable of simultaneously detecting many autoantibodies at the same time are particularly suitable for testing autoantibody profiles.

• Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323858311000085?via%3Dihub

HuProt Review: A characteristic feature of autoimmune diseases is the presence of multiple antibodies. Antibody profiling can be advantageous for the early diagnosis and for a more precise classification of autoimmune diseases, for prognostic evaluation, and for disease prediction in asymptomatic subjects. Systems using micronized components (protein chips or arrays) capable of simultaneously detecting many autoantibodies at the same time are particularly suitable for testing autoantibody profiles.

• Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323858311000085?via%3Dihub

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymphoid aggregates that often form locally in tissues with chronic infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. As such, TLS correlate with favorable prognosis in patients with solid tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Further, TLS have recently been associated with superior response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). B cells are predominantly located within TLS and correlate with improved survival and ICB response. Despite the therapeutic promise of B cells and TLS, they have not been investigated as immunotherapeutic targets. Moreover, a mechanistic understanding of TLS formation and function in cancer is lacking.

• Link: https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(22)01646-X/fulltext

HuProt Autoantibodies: Blood-based biomarkers can serve as a simple and cost-effective method, when used in conjunction with USPSTF guidelines, for selecting LDCT screening. Due to B-cell amplification, autoantibodies are found at a higher concentration in blood than their corresponding neoantigens, making them potentially valuable as early detection biomarkers. We hypothesize, circulating autoantibody targets can be utilized for ‘pre-screening’ individuals for LDCT testing.

• Link: https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(22)01645-8/fulltext